Hyaena brunnea, commonly known as the brown hyena, inhabits arid regions of Southern Africa. It is known for its shaggy brown coat, strong forequarters, and social scavenging behavior within small clans. Unique for its solitary foraging habits and role as a crucial ecosystem scavenger.

Hyaena brunnea, commonly known as the brown hyena, is native to the southern regions of Africa. Its geographical distribution encompasses countries such as Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, and South Africa. The species is primarily found in the Kalahari Desert, Namib Desert, and the coastal areas of the southern African subcontinent.

The brown hyena inhabits arid and semi-arid environments, including deserts, savannas, and scrublands. It is well-adapted to the harsh conditions of these areas, which are characterized by low rainfall, sparse vegetation, and extreme temperatures. The brown hyena is also found in coastal areas, where it may scavenge along the shoreline.

As a scavenger, the brown hyena plays a crucial ecological role by consuming carrion and reducing the spread of disease. It is adapted to survive in environments with limited food resources and often covers large distances in search of food. The brown hyena's diet primarily consists of the remains of carcasses left by other predators, as well as small mammals, insects, and occasionally fruits. Its nocturnal and solitary nature allows it to avoid competition with other large carnivores.