Hylotrupes bajulus, commonly known as the house longhorn beetle, is a wood-boring insect native to Europe but now found worldwide. It thrives in coniferous wood, particularly in humid environments. Notable for its long antennae and larval stage, which can cause significant structural damage to wooden buildings.

Hylotrupes bajulus, commonly known as the Old House Borer, is native to Europe. Its natural range includes countries such as France, Germany, and Poland, among others in central and southern Europe. It has also been introduced to other regions, including North America and parts of Africa, due to human activity.

The Old House Borer primarily inhabits temperate regions where it can find suitable wood for its larvae to develop. It is commonly found in old buildings and structures where softwood, such as pine and spruce, is prevalent. The species prefers dry, untreated, or poorly maintained wood and can thrive in environments with low humidity.

Hylotrupes bajulus plays a role as a decomposer in its ecosystem, breaking down dead wood. However, in human environments, it is considered a pest due to its capacity to damage structural timber. It has adapted to living in wooden structures, which offers protection from predators and environmental extremes.