The Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius) is primarily native to North America. It is found throughout the central and eastern United States and into parts of southern Canada during the breeding season. During the winter, its range extends to Central America and the northern parts of South America, including countries such as Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and as far south as Colombia and Venezuela.

Orchard Orioles typically inhabit open woodlands, orchards, and areas with scattered trees, often near water. During the breeding season, they prefer habitats that offer a mix of open areas for foraging and trees for nesting, such as riverbanks, parklands, and suburban areas with mature trees. They thrive in temperate climates during the breeding season, while in winter, they occupy tropical and subtropical regions. The climate in these areas is generally warmer, with more consistent humidity levels.

As small songbirds, Orchard Orioles feed on a variety of insects, fruits, and nectar, playing an important role in controlling insect populations and pollinating plants. They are often found in areas where they can access ample food resources. Their ecological niche involves inhabiting areas that provide both insect prey and flowering plants, which they forage by gleaning from leaves and branches or by hovering momentarily like a hummingbird.