Junco hyemalis, commonly known as the Dark-eyed Junco, is native to North America. This species is widely distributed across the continent, with significant populations found in Canada, the United States, and parts of northern Mexico. During winter, Dark-eyed Juncos migrate southward and can be found as far south as the southern United States and northern Mexico.

The Dark-eyed Junco inhabits a variety of environmental conditions, reflecting its adaptability. It is commonly found in coniferous and mixed woodlands, particularly during the breeding season in northern regions. In winter, it frequents open woodlands, fields, parks, and gardens where there is ample ground cover.

The ecological niche of the Dark-eyed Junco is primarily as a ground-foraging bird, feeding on seeds and insects. Its presence is commonly observed in forest undergrowth and along forest edges. Juncos are adapted to exploit a wide range of habitats, including urban and suburban areas during winter when food is more accessible in these regions. They play an important role in seed dispersal and insect population control in their ecosystems.