Larus dominicanus, commonly known as the Kelp Gull, is native to the Southern Hemisphere. This species is widely distributed along coastlines in the southern parts of Africa, South America, Australia, New Zealand, and various sub-Antarctic islands. It is also found on the coasts of Antarctica.

Kelp Gulls inhabit coastal regions, preferring sandy or rocky shores, estuaries, and marshes. They are commonly found in areas with temperate to sub-Antarctic climates, experiencing a range of environmental conditions from warm to cold temperatures. The species is adaptable and can also be found around inland water bodies such as lakes and rivers.

As opportunistic feeders, Kelp Gulls occupy a broad ecological niche. They feed on a variety of food sources including fish, carrion, offal, and human refuse. They are also known to prey on other bird species and their eggs. This flexibility in diet allows them to thrive in varied environmental conditions. Regional adaptations may include dietary changes based on the availability of local resources.