Leiothlypis ruficapilla, commonly known as the Nashville Warbler, is native to North America. Specifically, during the breeding season, it is found in northern United States, southern Canada, and higher elevations of the Appalachian Mountains. During migration, it travels through the central and eastern United States to its wintering grounds in Central America and northern South America, including parts of southern Mexico.

The Nashville Warbler typically inhabits open mixed woodlands, often dominated by deciduous trees such as birch and maple during the breeding season. It prefers areas with dense undergrowth or shrubby secondary growth, which provide necessary cover and foraging opportunities. The climate in its breeding range is temperate, with cold winters and warm summers.

The Nashville Warbler occupies the ecological niche of an insectivorous passerine bird, primarily feeding on insects and spiders. It forages in foliage trees and shrubs, often in the lower to mid-levels of the forest. The species is known for its role in controlling insect populations and contributes to the ecological health of its habitat. During migration and wintering, it may also consume small berries and fruits.