Lithobates sphenocephalus, commonly known as the Southern Leopard Frog, is native to the southeastern United States. Its geographical distribution extends from the eastern coast, from Delaware to Florida, and westward to Texas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. There are also populations found in parts of the Midwest.

The Southern Leopard Frog typically inhabits a variety of freshwater environments. This includes wetlands, ponds, lakes, and slow-moving rivers with plenty of vegetation. The species thrives in areas with mild to warm temperatures and high humidity, often found near permanent water bodies.

As a semi-aquatic amphibian, Lithobates sphenocephalus plays a vital role in its ecosystem. It typically engages in diurnal activity but can be nocturnal depending on temperature conditions. It feeds on a wide range of invertebrates and small animals, making it an important predator in controlling insect populations. The species provides prey for larger predators such as birds, snakes, and mammals, thus maintaining the ecological balance in its native habitat.