Lithobates sylvaticus, commonly known as the wood frog, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution extends across Canada, Alaska, and into the northeastern United States, reaching as far south as Georgia and Alabama. The species is also found in parts of the Midwest and throughout the boreal forests of Canada and Alaska.

Wood frogs primarily inhabit moist, forested environments such as deciduous and mixed woodlands. They are often associated with temporary, vernal pools and wetland areas during the breeding season. These frogs are adapted to cold climates and are one of the few amphibians found north of the Arctic Circle.

The wood frog plays a crucial ecological role as both predator and prey within its habitat. It feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, including insects and arachnids, helping to control their populations. As prey, wood frogs are an important food source for a variety of predators, including birds, mammals, and larger amphibians. Their ability to survive freezing conditions through cryoprotective mechanisms is a unique adaptation that allows them to inhabit northern regions.