The Mareca americana, commonly known as the American Wigeon, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution includes a wide range of areas across the continent. During the breeding season, it is primarily found in the northern regions, from Alaska and western Canada down to the northern United States. In the winter, the American Wigeon migrates southwards to the southern United States, Mexico, and as far south as the northern tip of South America and the Caribbean.

The American Wigeon inhabits a variety of wetland environments. During the breeding season, it prefers shallow freshwater ponds, marshes, and lakes, often with abundant emergent vegetation. These habitats are typically found in open landscapes, such as grasslands or boreal forests, where they have access to both open water and ample foraging opportunities. In the winter, the species is found in a broader range of wetland environments, including estuaries, coastal lagoons, and flooded agricultural fields.

The American Wigeon occupies the ecological niche of a dabbling duck. It feeds on a variety of aquatic plants, seeds, and invertebrates. The species is known for its unique feeding behavior, often grazing on vegetation by 'tipping up' in the water and also foraging on land. Adaptations such as a broad bill and serrated edges allow it to efficiently feed on different types of plant material. The American Wigeon often exploits habitats that have been altered by other species, such as grazing geese, which can change plant communities in wetlands.