Marmota monax, commonly known as the groundhog or woodchuck, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution includes the northeastern and central United States, most of Canada, and parts of Alaska. It is notably absent from the southeastern and far western parts of the United States.

Groundhogs are primarily found in deciduous woodland areas, open meadows, and even along forest edges. The typical environmental conditions include temperate climates with significant seasonal variations, ranging from cold winters to warm summers.

Groundhogs are burrowing rodents that play a crucial role in their ecosystem. They are herbivores, feeding primarily on grasses, clover, and other vegetation, which helps in seed dispersal. Their burrowing activities aerate the soil, contributing to soil health and providing habitats for other species. Groundhogs also influence predator-prey dynamics, serving as prey for larger carnivores.