Melospiza lincolnii, commonly known as Lincoln's Sparrow, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution extends from Alaska and Canada throughout the northern and western United States. During migration, it can also be found in parts of Central America, and it winters from the southern United States down to northern Central America, including Mexico and Guatemala.

Lincoln's Sparrow typically inhabits wet meadows, shrubby bogs, alder and willow thickets, and montane regions. The species prefers areas with dense, low vegetation, often near bodies of water such as marshes or swamps. During the breeding season, it favors cooler climates found in northern or montane regions, while in the winter, it moves to milder climates in southern parts of its range.

Lincoln's Sparrow occupies a niche as an insectivore and granivore. It forages for insects, spiders, and seeds, often in dense vegetation or near the ground. Its preference for thick cover provides both food sources and protection from predators, enabling it to maintain a stable presence in its native habitats.