Micropterus nigricans, commonly known as the Suwannee bass, is native to the Southeastern United States. This species is specifically found in the river systems of the Suwannee and Ochlockonee rivers in Florida and Georgia.

The Suwannee bass inhabits freshwater river systems characterized by clear, slow-moving waters with sandy or rocky substrates. The water conditions in these areas generally feature moderate to high quality with ample oxygenation, and they are often associated with areas of flowing water near river bends or obstructions.

The Suwannee bass occupies an ecological niche within river environments where it preys on a variety of aquatic invertebrates, small fishes, and other available prey. This species is adapted to exploit both the pool and riffle habitats within its native river systems, making use of cover such as submerged logs or overhanging vegetation for both hunting and shelter.