Mniotilta varia, commonly known as the Black-and-white Warbler, is native to North America. Its breeding range extends across much of eastern North America, from southern Canada through the eastern United States. During winter, it migrates to the southern United States, Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America.

The Black-and-white Warbler inhabits deciduous and mixed forests during the breeding season, often preferring areas with mature trees and dense canopy cover. It can also be found in shrubby edges and woodland understories. During migration and in winter, it occupies a broader range of habitats, including tropical forests, mangroves, and secondary growth forests.

As an insectivorous bird, the Black-and-white Warbler forages by moving systematically over tree trunks and branches, similar to a nuthatch. It plays a role in controlling insect populations within its ecosystem. The species' adaptation to foraging along tree bark and its distinctive black-and-white plumage provide camouflage and enable efficient hunting in its arboreal environment.