Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the flathead grey mullet, is a robust fish found in coastal and estuarine waters worldwide. This species is recognizable by its elongated, torpedo-shaped body and a distinctive flat head. They exhibit unique feeding behaviors, grazing on algae and detritus, playing a crucial role in nutrient cycling within their ecosystems.

Mugil cephalus, commonly known as the flathead grey mullet, is a cosmopolitan species found in coastal waters worldwide. Its native region includes tropical and subtropical areas across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is distributed along the coasts of continents such as North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, often in temperate and warm waters.

Mugil cephalus typically inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. It thrives in environments ranging from brackish to marine waters, and it is often found in lagoons and tidal creeks. The species is known to tolerate a wide range of salinities, which allows it to inhabit various aquatic environments. The typical climate of its habitat is warm and temperate, often with moderate to high salinity levels.

Mugil cephalus plays a significant role in its ecosystem as a detritivore and herbivore. It feeds on detritus, algae, and small invertebrates, contributing to nutrient cycling in its habitat. The species is also an important food source for larger marine predators, including fish and birds. Its ability to adapt to different salinity levels and its wide distribution make it a resilient species in various aquatic ecosystems.