Musca domestica, commonly known as the housefly, thrives in human environments worldwide. This species is recognized by its grayish body, red compound eyes, and distinctive wing patterns. Houseflies are omnivorous, feeding on decaying organic matter. They play a crucial role in nutrient recycling but can also spread diseases.

Musca domestica, commonly known as the housefly, originally evolved in the warmer regions of the Palearctic, which includes parts of Europe, North Africa, and Asia. However, due to human activity and adaptation, it is now a cosmopolitan species found worldwide.

Houseflies thrive in temperate regions but are highly adaptable and can survive in a wide range of climates from tropical to temperate environments. They are commonly found in environments that provide ample food sources and breeding grounds, such as urban and rural human settlements, particularly near waste materials and animal excrement.

Musca domestica occupies the ecological niche of a decomposer and scavenger. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by aiding in the decomposition of organic matter. Their larvae, known as maggots, are particularly efficient at breaking down decaying organic material, contributing to nutrient cycling. Houseflies are also important as a food source for a variety of predators, including birds, amphibians, and other insects.