The Norwegian Lundehund is a small, agile dog known for its six toes on each foot and extraordinary flexibility. It originated in Norway, where it was used to hunt puffins on steep cliffs. The breed is adept at climbing and maneuvering in difficult terrain.

The Norwegian Lundehund is native to Norway, specifically originating from the remote island of Værøy in the Lofoten archipelago. This region is located in the northern part of Norway, above the Arctic Circle.

The Norwegian Lundehund is adapted to the rugged, coastal environment of its native region. This area is characterized by steep cliffs, rocky terrain, and a maritime climate. The climate in this region is typically cool with frequent precipitation, strong winds, and relatively mild winters compared to other areas at similar latitudes due to the influence of the Gulf Stream.

Originally, the Norwegian Lundehund was bred to hunt puffins and their eggs on the steep and rocky cliffs of its native islands. The breed has several unique anatomical features, such as extra toes and a flexible neck, that aid in climbing and maneuvering in such difficult terrain. This ecological niche as a specialized hunter of seabirds on cliffs has informed both its physical and behavioral adaptations.