Numenius americanus, commonly known as the Long-billed Curlew, is native to North America. Its breeding range extends primarily across the central and western United States, from southern Canada through to southwestern United States and northern Mexico. During the non-breeding season, it migrates to the coastal regions of the United States, Mexico, and occasionally northern Central America.

The Long-billed Curlew primarily inhabits open grasslands and prairies during the breeding season, preferring areas with short vegetation. It is often found in arid to semi-arid climates with limited tree cover. During the non-breeding season, the species occupies coastal mudflats, estuaries, and saltwater lagoons, adapting to wetter and saltier environments.

The Long-billed Curlew plays an ecological role as both a predator and a prey species. It typically feeds on insects, crustaceans, and small invertebrates, using its long bill to probe mud and soil in search of food. Its role contributes to the control of invertebrate populations and it serves as prey for larger birds of prey and mammals.