The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is originally native to most of Europe, the Mediterranean region, and much of Asia. Its native range extends from the Iberian Peninsula and the British Isles in the west through to Siberia and South Asia, including the Indian subcontinent.

House Sparrows typically inhabit urban, suburban, and rural areas. They are often found near human settlements, including residential neighborhoods, farms, and cities. The environment can range from temperate to tropical climates, where they adapt well to various conditions.

The species occupies a niche that allows it to thrive in areas of human activity. They are primarily granivorous, feeding on seeds and grains, but are also known to consume insects, especially during the breeding season. Their ability to nest in buildings and structures provides a significant advantage in urban environments. Adaptive flexibility allows them to utilize resources in various ecological settings, maintaining populations worldwide.