The Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) is native to a wide region that spans across Europe and Asia. It is found from parts of Western Europe through Eastern Europe, Russia, and across to East Asia.

Eurasian tree sparrows typically inhabit farmland, gardens, woodlands, and urban areas. They prefer environments that have a combination of open ground and cover, such as shrubs or trees, which provide nesting sites and protection.

This species occupies an ecological niche where it feeds primarily on seeds and grains, although it also consumes insects, especially during the breeding season. It often nests in cavities or dense foliage and can adapt to various environments, including human-altered landscapes such as agricultural fields and suburban areas. The adaptability to different habitats, including urban settings, is a key factor in its widespread distribution.