Passerina cyanea, commonly known as the Indigo Bunting, is native to North America. Its primary geographical distribution includes the eastern United States, ranging from the Great Plains eastward to the Atlantic Coast, and from the southern parts of Canada down to Florida and portions of the Gulf Coast. During the winter, they migrate to Central America, the Caribbean islands, and the northern parts of South America.

Indigo Buntings typically inhabit open, shrubby areas or edges of deciduous and mixed forests, as well as pastures and orchards. They favor environments that offer a mixture of grasses and scattered trees or shrubs. These birds thrive in temperate climates during the breeding season but migrate to subtropical and tropical regions during the winter.

Indigo Buntings are primarily granivorous, feeding on seeds from a variety of grasses and herbs, but they also consume insects, especially during the breeding season to fulfill protein needs. They play a role in seed dispersal and insect population control. Their nesting habits involve constructing cup-shaped nests in shrubs or low trees, thus contributing to the vegetation structure and supporting avian biodiversity.