Periparus ater, commonly known as the Coal Tit, is native to the Palearctic region. It is found across Europe and parts of Asia. In Europe, its range extends from the British Isles and Spain in the west, across to Russia and Japan in the east. In Asia, it is found in countries such as Turkey, Iran, and parts of the Himalayas.

The Coal Tit typically inhabits coniferous forests, particularly those dominated by spruce, pine, and fir trees. It can also be found in mixed woodlands and, less frequently, in broadleaf forests. In some regions, the Coal Tit may adapt to gardens and parks, especially in urban areas.

The Coal Tit occupies an ecological niche as a small passerine bird that feeds primarily on insects and seeds. It plays an important role in controlling insect populations and the dispersion of plant seeds. Adaptations such as its small size and agility allow it to forage efficiently in dense foliage and conifer needles. In winter, Coal Tits frequently join mixed-species flocks to enhance foraging efficiency and reduce predation risk.