Plegadis falcinellus, commonly known as the Glossy Ibis, is native to a wide range across several continents. Its geographical distribution includes regions in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. During breeding seasons, it can be found in southern Europe, northern and eastern Africa, and central and southern Asia. In non-breeding periods, it migrates to more temperate environments in southern Africa, southern Asia, northeastern Australia, and in parts of the southeastern United States and Mexico.

The Glossy Ibis typically inhabits wetland environments, favoring freshwater or brackish water bodies. It is commonly found in marshes, swamps, lakes, ponds, rivers, flooded fields, and occasionally in estuarine or coastal regions with abundant aquatic vegetation. These areas provide both feeding grounds and suitable nesting sites.

The species occupies an ecological niche as a wading bird, playing a significant role in its ecosystem by feeding on insects, crustaceans, mollusks, small fish, and other aquatic invertebrates. This diet helps control insect populations and maintain the balance within aquatic ecosystems. The Glossy Ibis has adapted to various wetland habitats with its long, curved bill ideal for probing mud and shallow water for food, displaying significant versatility in its foraging methods across different environments.