Portuguese Water Dogs are known for their curly, waterproof coats, strong swimming ability, and intelligence. They were originally bred to assist fishermen in herding fish and retrieving items from the water. This breed is energetic, friendly, and highly trainable, making them excellent companions and working dogs.

The Portuguese Water Dog is native to the coastal regions of Portugal, specifically along the Algarve region. Historically, these dogs were extensively found in fishing villages along the coastline, where they assisted fishermen in various tasks.

The Portuguese Water Dog thrives in temperate maritime climates typical of the Portuguese coast. The region features mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. These dogs are well-adapted to living in coastal environments where they are often exposed to saltwater and ocean breezes.

Originally bred to work on fishing boats, the Portuguese Water Dog's ecological niche included assisting in retrieving lost gear, herding fish into nets, and acting as couriers between boats. Their webbed feet and strong swimming ability made them ideal for these aquatic tasks. While no longer used for these traditional roles, they still retain their natural affinity for water and are commonly found in environments that provide ample opportunities for swimming and water play.