English
Tui
The Tui (*Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae*) is a charismatic and vocally talented bird endemic to New Zealand. Recognizable by its distinctive white throat tufts (the 'poi') and iridescent plumage, the Tui plays a crucial ecological role as a pollinator of native plants. It is also deeply embedded in Māori culture, often associated with eloquence and oratory due to its complex and varied song. The Tui's adaptability has allowed it to thrive in a variety of habitats, from native forests to urban gardens.
27-32 cm
Length
38-45 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Endemic to New Zealand, found throughout the North, South, and Stewart Islands, as well as several offshore islands like the Chatham and Auckland Islands. They are less common in drier, eastern areas of the South Island.
Lifespan
Up to 15 years in the wild, potentially longer in captivity (though data is limited).
Tui's Habitat
Habitat Types
Native forests (podocarp-broadleaf and beech), Scrubland, Urban parks and gardens, Plantations
Climate Zones
Temperate, Subtropical
Adaptations
Tui have adapted well to human-modified landscapes, readily utilizing exotic flowering plants in gardens and parks. Their brush-tipped tongue is a key adaptation for nectar feeding.
Variations
There is one recognized subspecies, *Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae chathamensis*, found on the Chatham Islands. It is slightly larger and has subtle plumage differences.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Plumage remains similar year-round.
Seasonal Feather Changes
No significant seasonal variation.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females have very similar plumage, though males may appear slightly glossier.
Notable Features
Distinctive white throat tufts (poi), Iridescent black plumage with blue, green, and bronze sheens, White lacy collar on the back of the neck, Small white wing patch visible in flight
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Nectar, Fruits, Insects, Pollen, Honeydew
Foraging Behavior
Tui are active and agile foragers, often seen hanging upside down to reach nectar. They glean insects from leaves and bark and can also hawk for flying insects.
Specializations
The brush-tipped tongue is a specialized adaptation for efficiently extracting nectar from flowers.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet varies seasonally depending on food availability. Nectar is a major component when flowering plants are abundant, while insects and fruits become more important at other times.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally solitary or found in pairs, but can congregate in larger numbers at abundant food sources.
Communication
Complex and varied songs, including bell-like notes, clicks, croaks, and wheezes, Mimicry of other bird species and even human-made sounds, Wing-clapping and body posturing during territorial displays
Migration
Tui are not migratory in the traditional sense, but they may make local movements in response to food availability.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Tui are highly territorial, particularly during the breeding season. Males aggressively defend their territories against other males and sometimes other nectar-feeding birds.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (historical, but largely stabilized), Predation by introduced mammals (rats, stoats, cats), Competition with introduced wasps for nectar and honeydew
Protection Programs
Pest control programs in protected areas, Habitat restoration projects, Community-based conservation initiatives
Local National Laws
Protected under the Wildlife Act 1953 in New Zealand.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Widespread and relatively common, though precise population estimates are difficult to obtain.
Interesting Facts
Tui are renowned for their vocal mimicry.
They can imitate a wide range of sounds, including other birds, human speech, and even mechanical noises.
The two white tufts on their throat are called 'poi' in Māori.
These tufts are a distinguishing feature and give the bird its common name.
Tui play an important role in pollinating native New Zealand plants.
Their brush-tipped tongue is perfectly adapted for collecting nectar, and they transfer pollen between flowers as they feed.
Tui can be quite aggressive.
They are known to chase away other birds, even much larger species, from their feeding territories.
Faqs about Tui
What do Tui eat?
Tui primarily feed on nectar from flowers, but also eat fruits, insects, pollen, and honeydew.
Where do Tui live?
Tui are found throughout New Zealand in a variety of habitats, including native forests, scrubland, and urban areas.
Are Tui endangered?
No, Tui are classified as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN, meaning they are not currently considered to be at risk of extinction.
Can Tui talk?
Tui are excellent mimics and can learn to imitate human speech, although they don't 'talk' in the same way as parrots.
How can I attract Tui into my garden?
Plant the native plants such as the flax and kowhai and have a consistent supply of fresh water.
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