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Plum-headed Parakeet
The Plum-headed Parakeet (*Psittacula cyanocephala*) is a vibrant and relatively small parrot species native to the Indian subcontinent. It's known for its striking plumage, with males displaying the namesake plum-colored head. These parakeets play an important ecological role as seed dispersers, contributing to the health of forest ecosystems. While not globally threatened, they face localized pressures from habitat loss and the pet trade. They hold some cultural significance in their native regions, sometimes appearing in local folklore and art.
33-37 cm
Length
Not Evaluated cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
The Plum-headed Parakeet is found across the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and parts of Myanmar. They are generally non-migratory, but may make local movements in response to food availability. Altitudinal range varies from the lowlands up to around 1300 meters.
Lifespan
Typically 15-20 years in the wild; up to 30 years in captivity.
Plum-headed Parakeet's Habitat
Habitat Types
Deciduous forests, Woodlands, Cultivated areas with trees, Parks and gardens
Climate Zones
Tropical, Subtropical
Adaptations
Their strong beaks are adapted for cracking seeds and nuts. Their zygodactyl feet (two toes pointing forward and two backward) provide excellent grip for climbing and manipulating food.
Variations
Several subspecies have been proposed, but there is some debate about their validity. Differences primarily involve slight variations in plumage color and size.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Breeding males have a vibrant plum-purple head, while females have a duller grayish-blue head. Non-breeding males may have a less intense head color.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Plumage color is most intense during the breeding season.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Significant sexual dimorphism is present, primarily in head coloration.
Notable Features
Distinctive plum-colored head in males., Long, graduated tail feathers., Black neck ring in males.
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Seeds, Fruits, Flowers, Nectar, Occasionally insects
Foraging Behavior
Plum-headed Parakeets typically forage in small flocks, moving through the canopy and often hanging upside down to reach food. They are known to raid agricultural crops, particularly grains.
Specializations
Their strong beak allows them to crack hard seeds and nuts. They also have a relatively agile tongue for extracting nectar.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet shifts depending on the availability of fruits and seeds. During the flowering season, they may consume more nectar.
Behavior
Social Structure
Plum-headed Parakeets are generally social, forming small flocks outside of the breeding season. During breeding, pairs may become more territorial.
Communication
Loud, screeching calls, Chattering vocalizations, Head-bobbing and other visual displays
Migration
Generally non-migratory, but may undertake local movements in response to food availability.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Pairs defend a small territory around their nest during the breeding season. Outside of breeding, they are often seen in flocks, sometimes numbering dozens of birds.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss due to deforestation, Capture for the pet trade, Persecution as agricultural pests in some areas
Protection Programs
CITES Appendix II (regulates international trade)
Local National Laws
Protected under various wildlife protection laws in countries within their range.
Population Trend
Decreasing
Population Estimates
While still relatively common in some areas, the global population is thought to be declining.
Interesting Facts
They are known for their speed and agility in flight.
Their streamlined body and strong wings allow for rapid maneuvering through dense vegetation.
They can mimic human speech, although not as clearly as some other parrot species.
This ability has contributed to their popularity in the pet trade.
The scientific name *cyanocephala* means 'blue head'.
This refers to the head color of the female, which is a more grayish-blue than the male's plum color.
Faqs about Plum-headed Parakeet
Are Plum-headed Parakeets good pets?
While they can be tamed, they require a significant commitment of time and care. They are intelligent and need plenty of mental stimulation and social interaction. Consult a professional for expert advice.
What should I do if I find an injured Plum-headed Parakeet?
Contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian. Avoid handling the bird directly unless absolutely necessary, and keep it in a quiet, dark, and secure place until help arrives. Consult a professional for expert advice.
How can I tell the difference between a male and a female Plum-headed Parakeet?
The most obvious difference is the head color. Males have a vibrant plum-purple head, while females have a duller grayish-blue head.
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