Rana temporaria, commonly known as the common frog, is native to Europe. Its geographical distribution extends from Ireland and the United Kingdom in the west to the Ural Mountains in Russia in the east. It is also found in parts of western Asia, including Turkey. The species is absent from southern Europe, including Spain and much of Italy, as well as from the southern islands of the Mediterranean.

The common frog typically inhabits temperate regions characterized by mild to cool climates. It is commonly found in a variety of wetland environments, such as ponds, marshes, ditches, and gardens. The species is adapted to both lowland and upland areas, being able to survive in diverse environments ranging from sea level to alpine regions.

Rana temporaria occupies a generalist ecological niche, thriving in a wide array of habitats. It mainly feeds on invertebrates, including insects and their larvae, spiders, and snails. The species is fossorial over winter, hibernating in mud or under vegetation. During breeding season, common frogs migrate to watery habitats, where they lay eggs in clusters. Their adaptability to different habitats makes them a resilient species, although they are sensitive to habitat destruction and pollution.