The Javan rhinoceros, or Rhinoceros sondaicus, is a rare species found primarily in Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia. It has a single horn and a grey, loose, and wrinkled skin that resembles armor. Javan rhinos are shy and solitary, preferring dense lowland rainforests.

The Rhinoceros sondaicus, commonly known as the Javan rhinoceros, is native to Southeast Asia. Historically, its range included parts of India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Currently, it is confined to the Ujung Kulon National Park on the western tip of Java Island in Indonesia.

The Javan rhinoceros inhabits tropical rainforest environments. It prefers dense lowland rainforests, wet grasslands, reedbeds, and areas with a plentiful water supply. The climate in its current habitat is tropical, with high humidity and significant rainfall throughout the year.

The Javan rhinoceros is a browser, feeding on a wide variety of plant species, including shoots, twigs, young foliage, and fallen fruit. It plays a crucial role in its ecosystem by influencing vegetation structure and contributing to seed dispersal. This species requires access to mineral licks and mud wallows, which are essential for thermoregulation and skin health.