Rupornis magnirostris, commonly known as the Roadside Hawk, is native to a wide range of the Americas. Its geographical distribution includes countries in Central and South America, extending from Mexico in the north through most parts of Central America into numerous countries across South America, such as Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Peru. The species is also found in Trinidad and Tobago.

The Roadside Hawk typically inhabits open areas and forest edges, demonstrating a preference for semi-open woodlands, savannas, pastures, and agricultural lands. It can also be found in urban areas with suitable greenery. This bird is adaptable to a variety of climates but primarily thrives in tropical and subtropical environments. It generally avoids dense forests, favoring habitats that offer a mix of open spaces and scattered trees or bushes.

Rupornis magnirostris occupies the ecological niche of a medium-sized diurnal raptor. It is a predator that preys on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and large insects. As a versatile generalist, it can exploit various types of prey depending on availability, helping control populations of these animals in its habitat. Its presence in diverse environments and its adaptability make it an important part of the ecological community, contributing to the balance of ecosystems in its native region.