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Eastern Phoebe
The Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe) is a small, plump-bodied flycatcher common throughout eastern North America. It is well-known for its characteristic tail-wagging behavior and its distinctive "fee-bee" song, from which it derives its name. This adaptable bird often nests near human structures, making it a familiar sight in both rural and suburban areas. Ecologically, Eastern Phoebes play a role in controlling insect populations. They hold little specific cultural significance beyond being a harbinger of spring for many.
14-18 cm
Length
23-28 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Eastern Phoebe breeds across eastern North America, from southeastern Canada south to the central and southeastern United States. Its wintering range extends from the southern United States through Mexico and into parts of Central America. They are short- to medium-distance migrants.
Lifespan
Up to 10 years in the wild, though average lifespan is likely shorter.
Eastern Phoebe's Habitat
Habitat Types
Woodlands, Forest edges, Farmlands, Areas near water, Parks, Suburban areas
Climate Zones
Temperate, Subtropical
Adaptations
Eastern Phoebes are adaptable to a variety of habitats, often selecting nesting sites under eaves, bridges, or other sheltered structures. Their tolerance of human presence allows them to thrive in developed areas.
Variations
Two subspecies are generally recognized, differing slightly in plumage coloration and geographic range, *S. p. phoebe*, and *S. p. latirostris*.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Plumage is relatively consistent year-round.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Minor wear may make plumage appear slightly duller outside the breeding season.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males and females have similar plumage.
Notable Features
Dull brownish-gray upperparts, Whitish underparts, often with a yellowish wash on the belly, Dark head, slightly darker than the back, Constant tail-wagging behavior
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Insects, Spiders, Small fruits, Berries
Foraging Behavior
Eastern Phoebes are primarily 'sally' hunters, perching on exposed branches and flying out to catch insects in mid-air. They also glean insects from foliage and occasionally feed on the ground.
Specializations
Their wide gape and agile flight allow them to efficiently capture flying insects.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet shifts slightly depending on prey availability. Fruits and berries become more important in the fall and winter when insects are less abundant.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally solitary or found in pairs during the breeding season. May form small flocks during migration.
Communication
Distinctive "fee-bee" song, Sharp "chip" call notes, Tail-wagging, often used as a visual signal
Migration
Eastern Phoebes migrate at night. Northern populations are migratory, while some southern populations may be resident year-round.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Males are territorial during the breeding season, defending their nesting area from other phoebes and potential predators.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss, Pesticide use (reducing insect prey), Collisions with buildings and vehicles
Protection Programs
Migratory Bird Treaty Act protection in the US, General habitat conservation efforts
Local National Laws
Protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States.
Population Trend
Stable or slightly increasing.
Population Estimates
Global population estimated to be around 16 million individuals.
Interesting Facts
They often reuse nests from previous years.
This can lead to nests becoming quite large over time as new layers are added.
Eastern Phoebes are one of the earliest spring migrants in eastern North America.
Their arrival is often seen as a sign of the changing seasons.
They are known to be parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds.
Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, leaving the host species to raise their young.
Faqs about Eastern Phoebe
What should I do if I find a baby Eastern Phoebe?
If the bird appears injured or truly orphaned, contact a local wildlife rehabilitator. It is illegal to possess or care for wild birds without the proper permits. Consult a professional for expert advice.
How can I attract Eastern Phoebes to my yard?
Provide a source of water, plant native vegetation that attracts insects, and avoid using pesticides. Providing a nesting shelf can also be beneficial.
Do Eastern Phoebes mate for life?
While they may return to the same nesting site year after year, it's not definitively known if they maintain the same pair bond throughout their lives. More research is needed on this aspect of their behavior.
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