Sceloporus undulatus, commonly known as the Eastern Fence Lizard, is native to North America. It is primarily found in the eastern United States, ranging from New York and southern Pennsylvania, southward through the central part of the United States, to northern Florida and the Gulf coast. Its range extends westward to Illinois, Missouri, and eastern Texas.

The Eastern Fence Lizard inhabits a variety of environments including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. It prefers areas with abundant sunlight and minimal dense canopy cover. Common habitats include dry, open wooded hillsides, rocky outcrops, and forest edges with easy access to both trees and ground cover. The species thrives in areas with well-drained soils as well as rocky substrates.

Sceloporus undulatus is a diurnal reptile, primarily active during the day. It occupies a niche as both a predator and prey within its ecosystem. It primarily feeds on insects and other small invertebrates, playing a critical role in controlling these populations. In turn, it serves as prey for larger predators such as birds, snakes, and mammals. Its ability to adapt to various environmental conditions makes it a resilient part of North America's ecological web.