The Eurasian nuthatch (Sitta europaea) is native to a wide range spanning across Europe and parts of Asia. Its distribution includes nearly all of Europe, extending from Portugal and Spain in the west, through the British Isles, Scandinavia, and reaching eastward across Russia to Japan and China. The southern limits of its range include parts of Turkey and Iran.

The species predominantly inhabits mature deciduous and mixed woodlands, often favoring oak and beech forests. It can also be found in parklands, gardens, and orchards. The typical climate within its range is temperate, with the bird adapting well to both warmer southern zones and cooler northern regions.

Sitta europaea plays a role as both a predator and prey in its ecosystem. It primarily feeds on insects and seeds, foraging by climbing up and down tree trunks and branches. The bird is known for its unique ability to descend trees headfirst. Nesting occurs in tree holes, which are sometimes enlarged by the birds themselves. It is a partial migratory species, with some populations moving short distances in response to food availability.