The great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) is distinguished by its unique T-shaped head, aiding in enhanced sensory perception. Preferring warm, coastal waters, they are solitary predators known for their impressive hunting agility and ability to detect prey via electroreception. Their role as apex predators is crucial in maintaining marine ecosystem balance.

Sphyrna mokarran, commonly known as the great hammerhead shark, is found in tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide. Its geographical distribution includes the Atlantic Ocean (from the western coast of Africa to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean), the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean (from the eastern coast of Africa, across to the western coast of the Americas). It is also found around island territories such as Hawaii and the Galapagos Islands.

The great hammerhead shark typically inhabits coastal and continental shelf areas, often found in lagoons, coral reefs, and sometimes in the open ocean. It prefers warm waters and is usually found at depths ranging from the surface to about 80 meters, although it can dive deeper. The water temperature in its habitat generally ranges from 21 to 27 degrees Celsius (70 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit).

As a top predator, the great hammerhead plays a critical role in the marine ecosystem by helping to control the population of its prey, which includes smaller fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Its unique hammer-shaped head, or cephalofoil, provides enhanced sensory abilities and maneuverability, allowing it to effectively hunt in diverse aquatic environments. This species often prefers solitary hunting but can be found in small aggregations during migration or breeding seasons.