Spinus spinus, commonly known as the Eurasian siskin, is native to the Palearctic region. Its geographical distribution includes Europe and Asia, extending into the western part of the Palearctic. This includes countries such as the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, Russia, and across to Japan. It can also be found in some parts of the Middle East during migration.

The Eurasian siskin typically inhabits coniferous forests, particularly those dominated by spruce and fir trees. They are also found in mixed woodlands and, during the winter months, may migrate to more open areas including gardens, parks, and farmland.

Spinus spinus is primarily granivorous, feeding mainly on the seeds of coniferous trees such as spruce, alder, and pine. Its ecological role includes seed dispersal and contributing to the control of insect populations, especially during the breeding season when it switches partly to an insect diet to feed its young.