Spinus tristis, commonly known as the American Goldfinch, is native to North America. This species is found throughout the continental United States, Canada, and parts of Mexico. Its range extends from southern Canada, throughout the conterminous United States, to northern Mexico.

The American Goldfinch typically inhabits open fields, meadows, floodplains, and forest edges. It favors areas with abundant thistle plants, weeds, and other seed-bearing vegetation, which provide both food and nesting materials. The species is adaptable to various environments but prefers areas with a good supply of seeds. The climate of these habitats ranges from temperate to subtropical, depending on the specific region within its range.

The American Goldfinch occupies the ecological niche of a seed-eating bird. It plays a crucial role in seed dispersal and the control of weed populations. The species is often seen in flocks, particularly outside of the breeding season. Its diet primarily consists of seeds from plants such as sunflowers, dandelions, and ragweed, and it has adapted to a later breeding season to align with the peak availability of these seeds. The American Goldfinch's bright plumage serves as a visual cue for mate selection and plays a role in its social interactions.