The European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is native to Europe, western Asia, and parts of North Africa. It is widely distributed across various countries within these regions, and has also been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, Australia, and New Zealand.

European Starlings typically inhabit a range of environments such as open woodlands, farmlands, grasslands, and urban areas. They prefer environments that offer a mix of open spaces and areas with trees or bushes for roosting and nesting.

Sturnus vulgaris occupies an ecological niche as a highly adaptable and opportunistic omnivore. The species feeds on a diverse diet, consuming insects, fruits, seeds, and various invertebrates. Its ability to adapt to different food sources and habitats allows it to thrive in urban and rural settings, as well as in natural landscapes.