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Dusky Thrush
The Dusky Thrush (*Turdus eunomus*) is a captivating member of the thrush family, known for its distinctive dark plumage and melodious song. It plays a vital role in its ecosystem as a seed disperser and insectivore. While not globally threatened, it faces regional challenges due to habitat loss and climate change, making understanding its ecology crucial for its long-term conservation. It is not widely known for strong cultural significances, but is appreciated by birdwatchers across its range.
22-25 cm
Length
34-39 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Breeds across central and eastern Siberia, extending east to the Kamchatka Peninsula and south to northern Mongolia and northeastern China. Winters in Japan, South Korea, southern China, and Taiwan. Migratory routes largely follow the East Asian coast.
Lifespan
Average lifespan in the wild is unknown, but likely several years, typical of *Turdus* species.
Dusky Thrush's Habitat
Habitat Types
Taiga forests, Coniferous forests, Mixed woodlands, Scrublands, Parks and gardens (during migration and in winter)
Climate Zones
Boreal, Temperate
Adaptations
Tolerant of cold temperatures during breeding. Adaptable to various habitats during migration and winter, utilizing both natural and human-modified landscapes.
Variations
No recognized subspecies, although slight variations in plumage darkness may occur across its range.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Breeding males have dark, sooty-brown upperparts, a blackish face and throat, and a heavily streaked breast. Females are similar but duller. Non-breeding plumage is slightly paler.
Seasonal Feather Changes
Slight fading of plumage occurs after the breeding season.
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Males are generally darker and more boldly marked than females.
Notable Features
Bold white supercilium (eyebrow stripe), Dark streaks on the breast and flanks, White belly
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Insects, Earthworms, Berries, Fruits
Foraging Behavior
Forages primarily on the ground, hopping and running while searching for prey. Often turns over leaves and probes the soil with its bill. Will also feed in trees and shrubs, particularly when consuming fruits and berries.
Specializations
No highly specialized feeding adaptations. A generalist forager.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet shifts from primarily insects and earthworms during the breeding season to include more fruits and berries in the winter.
Behavior
Social Structure
Generally solitary or in pairs during the breeding season. Forms small flocks during migration and in winter.
Communication
Melodious song, often described as a series of clear, fluted notes., Variety of calls, including a sharp 'chack' alarm call.
Migration
Migrates south for the winter, traveling relatively long distances. Migration is nocturnal.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Males defend breeding territories through song and aggressive displays. Winter flocks are generally non-territorial.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (deforestation and agricultural expansion), Climate change (potential impacts on breeding and wintering habitats), Pesticide use (reducing insect prey availability)
Protection Programs
Not specifically targeted by major conservation programs, but benefits from general habitat protection measures.
Local National Laws
Protected under various national and international bird protection laws, such as the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (in relevant countries).
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Global population estimated to be between 6,000,000 and 15,000,000 individuals.
Interesting Facts
They are strong migrants.
Despite their relatively small size, Dusky Thrushes undertake impressive migratory journeys between their breeding and wintering grounds.
They are often confused with the Naumann's Thrush.
However, Naumann's Thrush (*Turdus naumanni*) has rufous rather than dark brown upperparts.
They can be found at various levels of elevation
They occupy habitats ranging from lowlands to mountain slopes, demonstrating their adaptability.
Faqs about Dusky Thrush
What is the best way to distinguish a Dusky Thrush from other thrushes?
Look for the combination of a dark, sooty-brown back, a bold white supercilium, and a heavily streaked breast.
Where can I see a Dusky Thrush?
During the breeding season, visit central and eastern Siberia. In winter, look for them in Japan, South Korea, southern China, and Taiwan.
Are Dusky Thrushes endangered?
No, they are currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating a relatively stable global population.
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