The Vanellus miles, commonly known as the Masked Lapwing or Spur-winged Plover, is native to Australia and is also found in parts of New Guinea. It is widespread across Australia's northern and eastern regions, including Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and the Northern Territory. Additionally, it is present on Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.

The Masked Lapwing inhabits a variety of environments, typically favoring open areas such as grasslands, mudflats, pastures, and urban areas like parks and golf courses. It prefers habitats near water sources, including riverbanks, wetlands, and the shores of lakes and ponds. The species thrives in both arid and temperate climates, adapting well to a range of weather conditions but generally avoiding heavily forested or dense woodland areas.

Ecologically, the Masked Lapwing occupies the niche of a ground-nesting wader bird. It feeds opportunistically on insects, worms, and other invertebrates, which it finds on the ground. The species is known for its aggressive territorial behavior during the breeding season, often seen defending its nest sites vigorously from potential predators and intruders. The adaptability of the Masked Lapwing to urban environments has allowed it to thrive even as its natural habitats face changes due to human activities.