Vanellus vanellus, commonly known as the Northern Lapwing, is native to temperate parts of Europe and parts of Asia. Its range extends from the British Isles and Scandinavia in the west to Russia and Siberia in the east. During the non-breeding season, it migrates south to North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia.

The Northern Lapwing typically inhabits open, low-lying wetland areas such as marshes, meadows, and agricultural fields. It prefers areas with short vegetation and proximity to water, which provide feeding and nesting sites. The species thrives in regions with a temperate climate, characterized by mild summers and cold winters.

Vanellus vanellus occupies an ecological niche as a ground-nesting bird that forages in both wet and dry environments. It feeds primarily on insects, worms, and other invertebrates, playing a crucial role in controlling these populations. The species is well-adapted to open landscapes where it can use its excellent vision to detect prey and potential threats. Seasonal migrations reflect its adaptation to varying climatic conditions, enabling it to exploit different geographical regions throughout the year.