Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, commonly known as the Yellow-headed Blackbird, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution primarily includes the western and central parts of the United States, as well as southern Canada and parts of northern Mexico.

The Yellow-headed Blackbird typically inhabits wetlands, such as freshwater marshes and areas with dense stands of cattails and other aquatic vegetation. During the breeding season, they prefer habitats with water levels that are shallow to moderate, which supports nesting and feeding.

This species occupies an ecological niche as both a predator and prey. The Yellow-headed Blackbird feeds on insects, seeds, and grains, supporting its role in controlling insect populations and dispersing plant seeds. It nests in colonies that offer protection against predators and benefits from the communal aspect for foraging and alert systems.