Zonotrichia albicollis, commonly known as the White-throated Sparrow, is native to North America. It is primarily found across the boreal forests of Canada and the northeastern United States during the breeding season. During the winter season, it migrates to the southeastern United States, as well as parts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

The White-throated Sparrow typically inhabits coniferous and mixed forests during the breeding season. It tends to prefer areas with dense understory shrubs and forest edges, which provide ample cover and nesting sites. During the winter months, it can be found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, gardens, and brushy fields, often in parks or suburban areas with thick shrubbery.

The species occupies a niche as a ground-foraging granivore and insectivore. It feeds on seeds, fruits, and insects, using its conical bill to crack seeds and foraging among leaf litter or on the ground. The White-throated Sparrow plays a role in seed dispersion and pest control within its habitat. Variations in its habitat are largely due to seasonal migration rather than subspecies differentiation.