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Golden-crowned Sparrow
The Golden-crowned Sparrow (*Zonotrichia atricapilla*) is a large, striking sparrow known for its distinctive golden crown stripe during the breeding season. It plays a crucial role in seed dispersal and insect control within its range. While not possessing major cultural significance in the same way as some other birds, it is a welcome sight for birdwatchers and a symbol of the changing seasons along the Pacific Coast of North America.
15-18 cm
Length
23-28 cm
Wingspan
Least Concern
Conservation Status
Distribution
Breeds in Alaska and western Canada, extending south into parts of Washington, Oregon, and rarely, northern California. Winters along the Pacific Coast from southern British Columbia to Baja California, Mexico. It has a limited altitudinal range, generally found at lower elevations.
Lifespan
Up to 10 years in the wild, though average lifespan is likely shorter.
Golden-crowned Sparrow's Habitat
Habitat Types
Shrublands, Tundra edges, Open woodlands, Coastal chaparral, Gardens and parks (during winter)
Climate Zones
Subarctic (breeding), Temperate (wintering)
Adaptations
Their preference for dense, low vegetation provides cover from predators and suitable nesting sites. They are well-adapted to foraging on the ground in dense undergrowth.
Variations
No widely recognized subspecies, though some minor plumage variations may occur across its range.
Appearance
Breeding Plumage
Breeding adults have a bright yellow central crown stripe bordered by black. Non-breeding adults and juveniles have a duller, brownish-yellow crown.
Seasonal Feather Changes
The bright yellow crown is most prominent during the breeding season (spring and summer).
Sex Based Plumage Differences
Minimal; males may have slightly brighter yellow crown coloration during breeding season.
Notable Features
Distinctive crown stripe (color varies with season), Grayish-brown upperparts with dark streaks, Grayish-white underparts, Dark eye-line
Diet and Feeding
Primary Foods
Seeds, Insects, Berries, Other plant matter
Foraging Behavior
Primarily forages on the ground, scratching and hopping through leaf litter and low vegetation to find food. Often seen in small flocks, especially during winter.
Specializations
No highly specialized feeding adaptations; a generalist forager.
Seasonal Diet Variations
Diet shifts with seasonal availability. Insects are more important during the breeding season, while seeds and berries are crucial during winter.
Behavior
Social Structure
Forms flocks during migration and winter. Territorial during breeding season.
Communication
A clear, whistled 'oh-dear-me' song, Various call notes, including a sharp 'chip' and a buzzy 'zeet'
Migration
A short- to medium-distance migrant. Migrates at night, often in mixed flocks with other sparrow species.
Territorial or Group Behaviors
Males defend breeding territories through song and aggressive displays. During winter, forms loose flocks, often foraging together.
Conservation
Threats
Habitat loss (due to urbanization, agriculture, and logging), Climate change (potential impacts on breeding grounds), Pesticide use (affecting insect prey)
Protection Programs
General bird conservation efforts (e.g., habitat preservation and restoration)
Local National Laws
Protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in the United States and Canada.
Population Trend
Stable
Population Estimates
Global population estimated at 11 million
Interesting Facts
They have a distinctive song.
The song is often described as a plaintive 'oh-dear-me' or 'three blind mice'.
They are ground-foraging specialists.
Their foraging behavior involves hopping and scratching through leaf litter.
Their crown color changes seasonally.
The bright yellow crown is only present during the breeding season.
Faqs about Golden-crowned Sparrow
Where can I see a Golden-crowned Sparrow?
Look for them along the Pacific Coast of North America, especially during winter in parks, gardens, and shrubby areas.
What do they eat?
They eat a variety of seeds, insects, and berries, depending on the season.
Are they endangered?
No, they are currently listed as a species of Least Concern by the IUCN.
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