Zonotrichia capensis, commonly known as the Rufous-collared Sparrow, is native to Central and South America. It is widely distributed across these regions, found from southern Mexico through Central America and into South America, extending as far south as Tierra del Fuego.

The Rufous-collared Sparrow inhabits a variety of environmental conditions, typically in open and semi-open areas. It thrives in highland regions, grasslands, agricultural lands, gardens, and even urban areas. The species is adaptable to different altitudes, ranging from sea level to high Andean altitudes, which can exceed 4,000 meters.

Ecologically, the Rufous-collared Sparrow occupies diverse habitats by adapting its diet and foraging behavior. It feeds primarily on seeds and insects, playing a role in seed dispersal and pest control. Its ability to adapt to various environments allows it to occupy different ecological niches across its distribution range, including edge habitats between forests and open lands, as well as human-modified landscapes.