Zonotrichia leucophrys, commonly known as the White-crowned Sparrow, is native to North America. Its geographical distribution includes regions across Alaska, Canada, and parts of the United States. In the summer, it is found more commonly in more northern areas and mountainous regions, while in the winter, it migrates to lower elevations and more southerly regions, extending its range into the southern United States and parts of Mexico.

The White-crowned Sparrow typically inhabits open shrublands, grasslands, and forest edges, often in areas with dense undergrowth or brush. In tundra regions, it can be found in shrubby areas with willow and alder. During migration and in winter, it is also commonly found in suburban areas and agricultural lands where brush and hedgerows provide cover.

This species feeds on seeds and insects, displaying flexibility in its diet depending on seasonal availability. The White-crowned Sparrow plays a role in seed dispersion and pest control in its native habitat. Its adaptive nature to different environments allows it to thrive across varied landscapes, contributing to its wide distribution.