Zootoca vivipara, commonly known as the viviparous lizard or common lizard, is native to a broad range across Europe and Asia. It is found from the United Kingdom and Ireland in the west, across northern and central Europe, into Russia, and reaching eastern Siberia and the Korean Peninsula. Its range extends as far south as northern Italy and the Pyrenees in France.

Zootoca vivipara typically inhabits environments with cool and temperate climates. It is predominantly found in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including heathlands, moorlands, and grasslands. This lizard is also common in forested areas, especially in clearings or edges where sunlight can penetrate.

The viviparous lizard occupies an ecological niche where it acts as both predator and prey. It feeds on a variety of small invertebrates, such as insects and spiders, playing a role in controlling these populations. As a prey species, it is an important food source for birds, mammals, and other reptiles. Zootoca vivipara is adaptable and has variations in habitat preference depending on regional climate and environmental conditions. It can also survive in altitudes up to 3,000 meters, especially in mountain regions.